Winter Pruning Tips for Trees
Winter is an ideal time for pruning trees and shrubs, offering numerous benefits for plant health and maintenance. When plants are dormant during the winter months, their sap flow slows, allowing for the removal of old or damaged growth without impacting their energy reserves. Additionally, the risk of infection from insects or disease is minimized during this time, as these threats are also inactive in colder temperatures. With the ground often frozen and foliage absent, pruning is more efficient and causes less damage to surrounding turf while reducing the need for cleanup.
Why Pruning Matters
Pruning is one of the most critical practices in tree care. Over the years, scientific advancements have greatly refined pruning techniques, making it a precise and essential maintenance task. However, improper pruning can severely harm trees, highlighting the importance of doing it correctly or seeking professional help when necessary.
Safety First
Pruning large trees can be hazardous work, even for experienced arborists, especially if climbing is involved. For major pruning jobs, it’s best to hire a professional arborist. When selecting an arborist, prioritize those certified by a professional organization, as certification signifies expertise and dedication to tree care.
What to Prune
Focus pruning efforts on removing broken, damaged, rubbing, or dead branches. Pruning may also be necessary to elevate branches over sidewalks, streets, roofs, or other structures. Avoid unnecessary thinning or “lion tailing,” as this can make trees vulnerable to environmental stress during warmer months. If pruning live branches, never remove more than 20% of the total leaf area of a tree’s crown at one time. For larger jobs, consider spacing the work out over several years to minimize impact on the tree.
Making Proper Pruning Cuts
Proper pruning cuts are essential to minimize tree injury and encourage effective healing. Cuts should remove only branch wood without harming the trunk or supporting stem. To do this, identify the branch bark ridge and branch collar. Make cuts just outside the branch bark ridge while angling down and away from the stem, ensuring the branch collar is preserved. Avoid making flush cuts, as they can create larger wounds that are harder for the tree to seal, increasing the risk of decay.
When to Prune
Winter pruning allows trees a full growing season to recover and heal. While pruning can technically be done whenever your tools are sharp, avoid pruning during the active spring growth period (April and May) when bark is tender and easily damaged. Similarly, refrain from pruning in the fall coloration period, when decay risks are elevated. If oak wilt is a concern in your area, do not prune oaks between April and June to prevent disease spread.
Pruning Don’ts
Never top trees. This practice endangers the tree’s health and significantly shortens its life span.
Avoid using paint or wound dressings. These products do not aid in healing and can interfere with the sealing process.
Proper winter pruning ensures not only the health and longevity of your landscape but also enhances safety and aesthetic appeal. When in doubt, consult with certified arborists who have the expertise to care for your trees with precision and care. Contact us.